Delirium tremens is a complication of withdrawal from which substance?

• A. Opioids
• B. Stimulants
• C. Cannabis
• D. Alcohol

Answer: (D)

Delirium tremens is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication of withdrawal from alcohol, most likely in people with long-standing heavy drinking after they stop or markedly reduce intake. The brain adapts to constant alcohol exposure by increasing excitability and reducing inhibition; when alcohol is abruptly removed, this imbalance triggers a surge of autonomic activity and mental status changes. Expect symptoms like tremors, agitation, confusion, disorientation, autonomic instability (rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, fever), and hallucinations. It typically shows up about 24 to 72 hours after the last drink and can persist for several days. While withdrawal from opioids, stimulants, or cannabis can cause discomfort and other symptoms, delirium tremens is specific to alcohol withdrawal. Management centers on supportive care and using benzodiazepines to control agitation and prevent seizures, along with thiamine and fluids as needed.